Saturday, September 26, 2009



                                        CONSTITUTION OF INDIA                                                                     

                              CONTENTS


                                          PART I
THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY
ARTICLE
  1       Name and territory of the Union.
  2       Admission or establishment of new States.
2A       [Repealed.]
  3       Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
  4       Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
PART II
CITIZENSHIP
  5       Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
  6       Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
  7       Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
  8       Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing    outside India.
  9       Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
10       Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
11       Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
PART III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
General
12       Definition.
13       Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
 
                      Right to Equality
            14           Equality before law.

 15

Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
 16
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
 17
Abolition of Untouchability.
 18
Abolition of titles.

Right to Freedom

 19
Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
 20
Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
 21
Protection of life and personal liberty.
 22
Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Right against Exploitation

 23
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
 24
Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

Right to  Freedom of Religion

 25
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
 26
Freedom to manage religious affairs.
 27
Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
 28
Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.

Cultural and Educational Rights

 29
Protection of interests of minorities.
  30
Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
  31
[Repealed.]

Saving of Certain Laws

31A
Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
31B
Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
31C
Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
31D
[Repealed.]

Right to Constitutional Remedies

  32
Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
32A
[Repealed.]
   33
Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
   34
Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
   35
Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.

PART IV

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
  36
Definition.
  37
Application of the principles contained in this Part.
  38
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
  39
Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A
Equal justice and free legal aid.
  40
Organisation of village panchayats.
  41
Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
  42
Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
  43
Living wage, etc., for workers.
43A
Participation of workers in management of industries.
  44
Uniform civil code for the citizens.
  45
Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
  46
Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
  47
Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
  48
Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
48A
Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
  49
Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
  50
Separation of judiciary from executive.
  51
Promotion of international peace and security.

PART IVA

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

51A
Fundamental duties.

PART V

THE UNION
CHAPTER I.¾-THE EXECUTIVE
The President and Vice-President
52

The President of India.

53

Executive power of the Union.

54

Election of President.

55

Manner of election of President.

56

Term of office of President.

57

Eligibility for re-election.

58

Qualifications for election as President.

59

Conditions of President’s office.

60

Oath or affirmation by the President.

61

Procedure for impeachment of the President.

62

Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.

63

The Vice-President of India.

64

The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.

65

The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.

66

Election of Vice-President.

67

Term of office of Vice-President.

68

Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.

69

Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.

70

Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies.

71

Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.

72

Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.

73

Extent of executive power of the Union.


Council of Ministers

74

Council of Ministers  to aid and advise President.

75

Other provisions as to Ministers.


The Attorney-General for India

76

Attorney-General for India.


Conduct of Government Business

77

Conduct of business of the Government of India.

78

Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.


CHAPTER  II.¾-PARLIAMENT

General

79

Constitution of Parliament.

80

Composition of the Council of States.

81

Composition of the House of the People.

82

Readjustment after each census.

83

Duration of Houses of Parliament.

84

Qualification for membership of Parliament.

85

Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.

86

Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.

87

Special address by the President.

88

Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.


Officers of Parliament

89

The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.

90

Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.

91

Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.

92

The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

93

The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People .

94

Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

95

Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.

96

The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

  97

Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

  98

Secretariat of Parliament.


Conduct of Business

   99

Oath or affirmation by members.

100

Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.


Disqualifications of Members

101

Vacation of seats.

102

Disqualifications for membership.

103

Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.

104

Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article

99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.


Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members

105

Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.

106

Salaries and allowances of members.


Legislative Procedure

107

Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.

108

Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.

109

Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.

110

Definition of “Money Bills”.

111

Assent to Bills.


Procedure in Financial Matters

112

Annual financial statement.

113

Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.

114

Appropriation Bills.

115

Supplementary, additional or excess grants.

116

Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.

117

Special provisions as to financial Bills.


Procedure Generally

118

Rules of procedure.

  119

Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.

  120

Language to be used in Parliament.

  121

Restriction on discussion in Parliament.

  122

Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.


CHAPTER III.¾LEGISLATIVE  POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

  123

Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of  Parliament.


CHAPTER IV.¾ THE UNION JUDICIARY

  124

Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.

  125

Salaries, etc., of Judges.

  126

Appointment of acting Chief Justice.

  127

Appointment of ad hoc judges.

  128

Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.

  129

Supreme Court to be a court of record.

  130

Seat of Supreme Court.

  131

Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

131A

[Repealed.]

  132

Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.

  133

Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters.

  134

Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.

134A

Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.

   135

Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.

  136

Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.

  137

Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.

  138

Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

 139

Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.

139A

Transfer of certain cases.

  140

Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.

  141

Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.


 142

 

Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.

 143

Power of President to consult Supreme Court.

 144

Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.

144A

[Repealed.]

  145

Rules of Court, etc.

  146

Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.

  147

Interpretation.


 

CHAPTER V.¾ COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

  148

Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

  149

Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

  150

Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.

  151

Audit reports.


PART VI

THE STATES
CHAPTER I.¾ GENERAL
  152

Definition.


CHAPTER II.¾ THE EXECUTIVE

The Governor

  153

Governors of States.

  154

Executive power of State.

  155

Appointment of Governor.

  156

Term of office of Governor.

  157

Qualifications for appointment as Governor.

  158

Conditions of Governor’s office

  159

Oath or affirmation by the Governor.

  160

Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.

  161

Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.

  162

Extent of executive power of State.


 

Council of Ministers

163

Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.

164

Other provisions as to Ministers.


The Advocate-General for the State

165

Advocate-General for the State.


Conduct of Government Business

166

Conduct of business of the Government of a State.

167

Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.


CHAPTER III.¾THE STATE LEGISLATURE

General
168

Constitution of Legislatures in States.

169

Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.

170

Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.

171

Composition of the Legislative Councils.

172

Duration of State Legislatures.

173

Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.

174

Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.

175

Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.

176

Special address by the Governor.

177

Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.


Officers of the State Legislature

178

The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.

179

Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker  and Deputy Speaker.

180

Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.

181

The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

182

The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.

183

Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.

184

Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.

185

The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

186

Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.

187

Secretariat of State Legislature.


Conduct of Business

188

Oath or affirmation by members.

189

Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.


Disqualifications of Members

190

Vacation of seats.

191

Disqualifications for membership.

192

Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.

193

Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.


Powers, privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and their Members

194

Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.

195

Salaries and allowances of members.


Legislative Procedure

196

Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.

197

Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.

198

Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.

199

Definition of “Money Bills”.

200

Assent to Bills.

201

Bills reserved for consideration.


Procedure in Financial Matters

202

Annual financial statement.

203

Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.

204

Appropriation Bills.

205

Supplementary, additional or excess grants.

206

Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.

  207

Special provisions as to financial Bills.


Procedure Generally

  208

Rules of procedure.

  209

Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.

  210

Language to be used in the Legislature.

  211

Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.

  212

Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.


CHAPTER IV.¾- LEGISLATIVE  POWER OF THE GOVERNOR

  213

Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.


CHAPTER V---THE  HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES

  214

High Courts for States.

  215

High Courts to be courts of record.

  216

Constitution of High Courts.

  217

Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.

  218

Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.

  219

Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.

  220

Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.

  221

Salaries, etc., of Judges.

  222

Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.

  223

Appointment of acting Chief Justice.

  224

Appointment of additional and acting Judges.

224A

Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.

  225

Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.

  226

Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.

226A

[Repealed..]

  227

Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.

  228

Transfer of certain cases to High Court.

228A

[Repealed.]

  229

Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.

  230

Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.

    231

Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.


CHAPTER VI¾SUBORDINATE COURTS

    233

Appointment of district judges.

 233A

Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.

    234

Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.

    235

Control over subordinate courts.

    236

Interpretation.

    237

Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.


PART VII

THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
    238

[Repealed.]


PART VIII

THE UNION TERRITORIES
    239

Administration of Union territories.

 239A

Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.

  239A

Special provisions with respect to Delhi.

239AA

Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.

239AB

Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.

    240

Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.

    241

High Courts for Union territories.

    242

[Repealed.]


 

PART IX

THE PANCHAYATS
   243

Definitions.

 243A

Gram Sabha.

 243B

Constitution of Panchayats.

 243C

Composition of Panchayats.

 243D

Reservation of seats.

243E

Duration of Panchayats, etc.

243F

Disqualifications for membership.

243G

Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.

243H

Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.

243-I

Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.

243J

Audit of accounts of Pachayats.

243K

Elections to the Panchayats.

243L

Application to Union  territories.

243M

Part not to apply to certain areas.

243N

Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.

243-O

Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.


PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES
243P

Definitions.

243Q

Constitution of Municipalities.

 243R

Composition of Municipalities.

 243S

Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.

 243T

Reservation of seats.

 243U

Duration of Municipalities, etc.

 243V

Disqualifications for membership.

 243W

Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.

 243X.

Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.

    243

Finance Commission.

  243Z

Audit of accounts of Municipalities.

243ZA

Elections to the Municipalities.

243ZB

Application to Union territories.

243ZC

Part not to apply to certain areas.

243ZD

Committee for district planning.

243ZE

Committee for Metropolitan planning.

243ZF

Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.

243ZG

Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters.


 

 

PART X

THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS
  244

Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.

244A

Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.


PART XI

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES
CHAPTER I.¾LEGISLATIVE  RELATIONS

Distribution of Legislative Powers

  245

Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.

  246

Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.

  247

Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.

  248

Residuary powers of legislation.

  249

Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest.

 250

Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.

 251

Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States.

  252

Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State.

  253

Legislation for giving effect to international agreements.

  254

Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.

  255

Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.


CHAPTER II.¾ ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS

General

  256

Obligation of States and the Union.

  257

Control of the Union over States in certain cases.

257A

[Repealed.]

  258

Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.

258A

Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.

259

[Repealed.]

260

Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.

261

Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.


Disputes relating to Waters

262

Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of  inter-State rivers or river valleys.


Co-ordination between States

263

Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.


PART XII

FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS
CHAPTER I.¾FINANCE

General

264

Interpretation.

265

Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.

266

Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.

267

Contingency Fund.


Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States

268

Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the State.

269

Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.

270

Taxes levied and  distributed between the Union and the States.

271

Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.

272

[Repealed.]

273

Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.

274

Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested.

275

Grants from the Union to certain States.

276

Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.

277

Savings.

278

[Repealed.]

279

Calculation of  “net proceeds”, etc.

280

Finance Commission.

281

Recommendations of the Finance Commission.


Miscellaneous financial provisions

282

Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.

   283

Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.

   284

Custody of suitors’  deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.

   285

Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.

   286

Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.

   287

Exemption from taxes on electricity.

   288

Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.

   289

Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.

   290

Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.

290A

Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.

   291

[Repealed.]


CHAPTER II.¾ BORROWING

   292

Borrowing by the Government of India.

   293

Borrowing by States.


CHAPTER III.¾ PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES,        

OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS

   294

Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.

   295

Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.

   296

Property accruing by escheat or laps or as bona vacantia.

   297

Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.

   298

Power to carry on trade, etc.

   299

Contracts.

   300

Suits and proceedings.


CHAPTER IV.¾ RIGHT  TO PROPERTY

300A

Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.


PART XIII

TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN
THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
   301

Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.

   302

Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.

  303

Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.

  304

Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.

  305

Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.

  306

[Repealed.]

  307

Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.


PART XIV

SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES
CHAPTER I.¾ SERVICES
  308

Interpretation.

  309

Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.

  310

Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.

  311

Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.

  312

All-India services.

312A

Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.

  313

Transitional provisions.

  314

[Repeated.]


CHAPTER II.—PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS

  315

Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.

  316

Appointment and term of office of members.

  317

Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.

  318

Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.

  319

Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.

  320

Functions of Public Service Commissions.

  321

Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.

  322

Expenses of Public Service Commissions.

  323

Reports of Public Service Commissions.


 

 

PART XIVA

TRIBUNALS
323A

Administrative tribunals.

323B

Tribunals for other matters.



PART XV

ELECTIONS

  324

Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.

  325

No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.

  326

Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.

  327

Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.

  328

Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.

  329

Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

329A

[Repealed.]


PART XVI

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
  330

Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.

  331

Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.

  332

Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.

  333

Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.

  334

Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty years.

  335

Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.

  336

Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.

  337

Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian Community.

  338

National Commission for Scheduled Castes.

338A

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.

  339

Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.

    340

Appointment of  a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.

    341

Scheduled Castes.

    342

Scheduled Tribes.


PART XVII

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
CHAPTER I.—LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
  343

Official language of the Union.

  344

Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.


CHAPTER II.¾ REGIONAL LANGUAGES

  345

Official language or languages of a State.

  346

Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.

  347

Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.


CHAPTER III.¾LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT,

 HIGH COURTS, ETC.

  348

Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.

  349

Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.


CHAPTER IV.¾-SPECIAL DIRECTIVES

  350

Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances.

350A

Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.

350B

Special Officer for linguistic minorities.

  351
Directive for development of the Hindi language.

PART XVIII

EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
  352

Proclamation of Emergency.

  353

Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.

  354

Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.

  355

Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.

  356

Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.

  357

Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.

  358

Suspension  of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.

  359

Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.

359A

[Repealed.]

  360

Provisions as to financial emergency.



PART XIX

MISCELLANEOUS

  361

Protection of President and Governors and Rajprakukhs.

361A

Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.

361B

Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.

  362

[Repealed.]

  363

Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.

363A

Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.

  364

Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.

  365

Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.

  366

Definitions.

  367

Interpretation.


PART XX

AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
  368

Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.


 


PART XXI

TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS
  369

Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.

  370

Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

  371

Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

371A

Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.

371B

Special provision with respect to the State of Assam.

371C

Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur.

371D

Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh.

371E

Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh.

371F

Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.

371G

Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.

371H

Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.

371-I

Special provision with respect to the State of  Goa.

  372

Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation.

372A

Power of the President to adapt laws.

  373

Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.

 374

Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.

  375

Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution.

  376

Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.

  377

Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

  378

Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.

378A

Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

379-391

 [Repealed.]

  392

Power of the President to remove difficulties.


PART XXII

SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT
IN HINDI AND REPEALS
  393

Short title.

  394

Commencement.

394A

Authoritative text in the Hindi language.

  395

Repeals.


SCHEDULES

 

FIRST SCHEDULE 

      I. The States.

     II. The Union territories.

SECOND SCHEDULE                            

     PART A- Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States.

     PART B[Repealed.]
PART CProvisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of   the House of  the    People   and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of   the Council   of      States   and   the  Speaker  and  the  Deputy Speaker  of  the   Legislative Assembly and the Chairman  and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative  Council of a State.                                     
    PART D Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts.
     PART E Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
THIRD  SCHEDULE Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.
FOURTH  SCHEDULE
Allocation of seats in the Council of States.

FIFTH SCHEDULE

 Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled                                          Areas and Scheduled Tribes
      PART AGeneral.
      PART BAdministration and  Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
      PART C Scheduled Areas.
      PART DAmendment of the Schedule.
SIXTH SCHEDULE

Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

 SEVENTH SCHEDULE
 List I Union List.
      List II State List.
      List III Concurrent List.
EIGHTH SCHEDULE Languages.
NINTH SCHEDULEValidation of certain Acts and Regulations.
TENTH SCHEDULE Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.
ELEVENTH SCHEDULE Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
TWELFTH SCHEDULE Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.

APPENDIX


APPENDIX  IThe Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954.
APPENDIX II Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to which the Constitution applies  to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
APPENDIX  IIIExtracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978

APPENDIX IVThe Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002.

APPENDIX VThe Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003.




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