The general science
Topic the study cell(PART ONE)
There are three main branches of biology
· Microbiology
· Botany
· Zoology
Term biology was given by Lamarck and Treveranus
Some well known father’s of different biological fields are
Father of biology Aristotal
Farther of zoology Aristotal
Father of botany Theophrastus
Father of microbiology Leeuwenhoek
Father of medicine Hippocrates
Indian Father of medicine Dhanvantri
Cell
· Robert hook was first to discover dead cell
· Living cell was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek
· Cell is basic structural and functional unit of life
· Cell is divide In two parts
Prokaryote
This is the cell type in which there is no definite nucleus as DNA not surrounded by a membrane
These have no the membrane bound organelle except ribosome
These have cell walls made up of murein
Eukaryote
These cells contain a membrane bound nucleus and have nucleolus & chromosomes
These has all cell organelles
Cell wall mainly are made of cellulose
Cell is mainly composed of three parts
1. protoplasm
2. organelle
3. nucleus
Protoplasm
It is the living fluid of the cell
It is called the physical basis of life by huxlay
It contains 75% OF WATER & other 25 % of different substances containing living and nonliving molecules
Cell organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Complex system of membrane bound tubules and flattened sacs
It has two types
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum there are too many ribosome attached on its surface
rough endoplasmic reticulum is completely engaged in protein synthesis so most abundant in cells engaged in active protein synthesis
while smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mainly associated with cells engaged with lipid metabolism
Ribosome
- They are the smallest organelle of the cell
- Site for the cell protein synthesis
- They are of two type
- 70 S in prokaryote and 80 s in eukaryote
- They are not surrounded by any membrane
