Different
schools of art compared
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Mughal
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Pahari
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Rajasthani/
Rajput
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Origin
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Earlier Persian blend. Became Indian under
Akbar.
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Originated in the sub-Himalayan kingdoms of
19th century.
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Early 16th century. Various
sub-schools existed
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Type
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Mostly in miniature form
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Mostly done in miniature form
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Themes
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Document of life at the Mughal court,
battles, hunt, arrival of embassies, festivities
Portrait paintings developed under Jahangir
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Love of man for woman. Symbolised by Krishna
and Radha
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Strongly influenced by the contemporary
literary and musical forms, and draw upon their motifs
<details below>
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Exceptional Point
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Characteristics
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Realism is the keynote of this style
Artists had made contacts with Western art.
Influence can be seen.
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Bold and intense – Basohli
Delicate and lyrical; Tones subdued and lines
exquisitely fine – Kangra
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Decorate in their composition and colour
scheme
Landscape lacks the naturalism of the Mughal
school
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Technique
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Used wider canvas
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Major Artists
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Basawan, Daswanth, Kesudasa, Mansur
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Major Works
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Akbarnama illustrations; rare birds and
animals – Falcon (CS Museum, Bombay), Red Blossoms – floral painting
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Jodhpur and Nagaur paintings.
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Major schools
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Basohli, Guler, Kangra
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Malwa, Mewar (Ragamala paintings), Marwar,
Kishangarh, Jaipur, Bundi, Kotah
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Patrons
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Akbar, Jahangir
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Raja Kripal Singh (Bahsoli)
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Madhubani/Mithila
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Manjusha/Angika
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Tanjore
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Origin
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Done traditionally by the women in the villages near the town
of Madhubani. It originated as floor and wall paintings.
Essentially a folk tradition
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17th century under the patronage
of Tanjore’s Maratha rulers
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Type
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Themes
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Nature and Hindu religious motifs
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Usually portrayed deities. Vishnu,Shiva and
Krishna
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Exceptional Point
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Was originally practiced by Brahmins and
Kayasthas. Later SC women also adopted it. But the themes of the two are
different. While higher castes depicted mythological themes, SCs experimented
with day-to-day scenes.
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Characteristics
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Two dimensional imagery. Colors derived from
plants.
No space is left empty. Gaps are filled by
painting flowers, plants animals and even geometric shapes.
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Snakes are a prominent feature
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Artists adhered strictly to iconography as
these paintings were made for ritual and worship and not for display as is
mostly the case today.
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Technique
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Traditionally done as murals on mud walls.
Now is also done one cloth, paper and canvas
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Made on jackwood pasted with unbleached cloth
to which a mixture of limestone, chalk powder, gum and honey are applied in
layers on a sketch of the icon. Extra coats given to raise some parts of the
painting. Jewellery etc are put.
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Major Artists
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Jagdamba Devi, Mahasundari Devi
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Major Works
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Major schools
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Bharni style, Kachni style
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Patrons
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Sarabhiji 2, Shivaji 2, Mummadi Krishnaraja
Wodeyar
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Rajasthani Art
Schools
Mewar
(Ragamala)
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themes from the
life of Krishna and his frolic with the gopis; heroes and heroines of Hindi
poetry.
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Scenes from
Bhagvata and Ramayana
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Landscape lacks
the naturalism of the Mughal school
Marwar
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Genuine Rajput
style evolved under this school
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Equestrian
portraits of the royal house and the nobility.
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Show bold types of
expression with broad, fish eyes in human faces
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This school is
essentially Hindu
Jaipur
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Raslila was
painted. It became ‘an earthly erotic amusement’
Manjusha Art
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Manjushas are temple
shaped boxes containing eight pillars
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The boxes often
contain the paintings of gods, goddesses and other characters
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The boxes are used
in Bishahari Puja
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This is practiced
in the Bhagalpur region of Bihar
Handicrafts
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Channapatna toys
o Wooden
toys from Karnataka
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Nirmal Toys
o Wooden
toys made in the town of Nirmal in Adilabad district
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Tanjore doll
o Bobblehead
made of terracotta
Sandpainting
Kolam
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Drawn using rice
powder by female members in front of their home
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Mainly in South
India
Rangoli
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North India.
Using sand colors, flour or flowers
Other fine arts
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Mehandi
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Pichhwai
o Intricate
paintings that portray Lord Krishna
o Exist
in the town of nathdwara in Rajasthan
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Tarakashi
o A
type of metalwork from Cuttack
Indian Art Awards
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Kalaimamani
o By
Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram
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Kalidas Samman
o Presented
by the MP govt
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Sangeet Natak
Akademi Award
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Sangeet Natak
Akademi Fellowship
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Shilp Guru
o By
GOI to a master craftsperson. Started in 2002.
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Tulsi Samman
o By
MP govt. In fields of art, theatre, dance and music.
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Varnashilpi
Venkatappa Award
o By
Karnataka govt for excellence in painting
