The general science

The general science Topic the study cell(PART ONE) There are three main branches of biology · Microbiology · Botany · Zoology Term biology was given by Lamarck and Treveranus Some well known father’s of different biological fields are Father of biology Aristotal Farther of zoology Aristotal Father of botany Theophrastus Father of microbiology Leeuwenhoek Father of medicine Hippocrates Indian Father of medicine Dhanvantri Cell · Robert hook was first to discover dead cell · Living cell was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek · Cell is basic structural and functional unit of life · Cell is divide In two parts Prokaryote This is the cell type in which there is no definite nucleus as DNA not surrounded by a membrane These have no the membrane bound organelle except ribosome These have cell walls made up of murein Eukaryote These cells contain a membrane bound nucleus and have nucleolus & chromosomes These has all cell organelles Cell wall mainly are made of cellulose Basic cell structure Cell is mainly composed of three parts 1. protoplasm 2. organelle 3. nucleus Protoplasm It is the living fluid of the cell It is called the physical basis of life by huxlay It contains 75% OF WATER & other 25 % of different substances containing living and nonliving molecules Cell organelles Endoplasmic reticulum Complex system of membrane bound tubules and flattened sacs It has two types rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum On the rough endoplasmic reticulum there are too many ribosome attached on its surface rough endoplasmic reticulum is completely engaged in protein synthesis so most abundant in cells engaged in active protein synthesis while smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mainly associated with cells engaged with lipid metabolism Ribosome They are the smallest organelle of the cell Site for the cell protein synthesis They are of two type 70 S in prokaryote and 80 s in eukaryote They are not surrounded by any membrane