Principal river system of the world
| Nile (Africa) |
White Nile : originates from Lake Albert (Uganda) and Blue Nile (Ethiopia) ; join 2gether at Khartoum in Sudan to form River Nile ; flowing thru Egypt (longest course) it falls into Mediterranean Sea near Alexandria |
| Amazon ( South America ) | Originates from Andes Mountain (Peru); tributaries come from Boilivia,Ecuador and Venezuela ,, flows mainly thru Brazil and falls into Atlantic Ocean |
| Yangtze Kiang (Asia ) | Rises in north-east Tibet ; flows mainly thru China, draining into the East China Sea |
| Mississippi-Missouri (North America ) | Mississippi- rises in Lake Itasca(USA); Missouri joins it Saint Louis ; they flow into Gulf of Mexico( New Orleans) |
| Mackenzie (North America ) | Rising in great Slave lake , flows thru Canada to Mackenzie Bay in Arctic Ocean |
| Mekong (Asia) | Rises in Tibet. Falls into South china Sea |
| Niger (Africa) | Rising near Sierra Leone , it crosses Niger and flows mainly thru Nigeria and enters Atlantic Ocean at Gulf of Guinea |
| Murray- Darling (Australia ) | Murray – rises in Australian Alps; Darling-biggest tributary ( joins it in the New South Wales ) both empty into Indian Ocean at Encounter Bay |
| Volga ( Europe) | Rises in Valdai Plateau north-east of Moscow and enters the Caspian Sea |
| Danube (Europe) | Rises near Baden (Germany); enters the Black Sea |
RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA
| HIMALAYAN RIVERS : Rises from Great Himalaya, Karakoram .Ladakh, Zanskar, Kailasah and Trasns –Himalaya ranges and ultimately join to form 3 great river systems. | ||||||||||
| The Indus system : One of the world’s largest river system | ||||||||||
| River | Origin | Destination | Length | Tributaries | Other Features | |||||
| The Indus (westernmost of Himalaya ) | Mansarover Lake side of, Tibet | Arabian Sea | 1270 | Zanskar( rises on Zanskar Range and joins Indus below Leh) Dras( from northern side of Zojila pass) Shyok(from northern side of Karakorum Shigar: drains southern slope of k2 | draining the glaciers and mountain slopes of many peaks: Masherbrum(7821m), Nanga Parbat (7114m), Rakaposhi(7788m), Tirich Mir (7690m) | |||||
| The Jhelum | Seshanag | Wular lake | 725 | Lidar: at the head of it | Imp river in Kashmir , main waterway | |||||
| The Chenab ( largest of Indus tributaries ) | 1800 | Chandra and Bhaga : at source , rises opp sides of Baralacha Pass in Lahul Chandra: flows thru a snow-clad , barren country Bhaga :precipitous stream Chandra & bhaga joins @Thandi nd flows thru Chamba | largest tributary of Indus | |||||||
| The Ravi ( smallest river of Punjab ) | Rohtang pass | join Chenab in Pakistan | 725km | |||||||
| The Beas | Rohtang pass | Joins Sutlej | ||||||||
| The Sutlej | Rakas Lake | Spiti | Imp trading centre betn Kailas & Mansarover | |||||||
| The Saraswati | In siwalik hills of simur | joins Ghaggar | ||||||||
| The Ganga System : important river system, covers fourth of country’s total surface; Bhagirathi: upper course of river , Source: Gangotri Glacier(Gomukh) Alakananda: another stream from Alaka Glacier , Devprayag: two head streams meet at Devprayag , largest river basin in country | ||||||||||
| River | Origin | Destination | Length | Tributaries | other features | |||||
| The Yamuna | Yamontri glacier | 1376 | Joins Ganga @ Allahabad ; Chambal ( rises near Mhow ), Sind , Betwa ,Ken | |||||||
| The Son | Amarkantak | Joins Yamuna @Etawah district | joining Ganga near Ramnagar | |||||||
| The Ram Ganga | Kumaon Himalaya | joining Ganga near Kannauj | ||||||||
| The Sarda (called Cauka and Kali) | greet Himalaya | |||||||||
| The Ghaghra | East of Gangotri | |||||||||
| The Gandak | Nepal china border ( central Himalaya ) | Meets Ganga on its left at sonpur | ||||||||
| The Kosi | Peaks of Nepal | ends in Ganga below Bhagalpur | ||||||||
| The Damodar | Chottanagpur Plateau | Garhi, Konar, Jamunia. Barakar | ||||||||
The Brahmaputra System: also called Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, is a trans-boundary river and one of the major rivers of Asia. From its origin in southwestern Tibet as the Yarlung Zangbo River, it flows across southern Tibet to break through the Himalayas in great gorges and into Arunachal Pradesh where it is known as Dihang.[2] It flows southwest through the Assam Valley as Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the Jamuna (not to be mistaken with Yamuna of India). There it merges with the Ganges to form a vast delta. About 1,800 miles (2,900 km) long, the river is an important source for irrigation and transportation. | ||||||||||
| PENINSULAR RIVERS | ||||||||||
| The East-flowing Rivers | ||||||||||
| River | Origin | Destination | Length | Tributaries | other features | |||||
| The Mahanadi | near Sihawa in Raipur (Chhattisgarh) | Bay of Bengal | 858 | drainage areas: 53%M.P nd chattisgarh,46%Orissa and rest- M.P. nd Jharkhand | ||||||
| The Godavari | Trambak(Nasik – western Ghats ) | Bay of Bengal (form large delta before draining) | 1465 | Manjara , Penganga , Pranhita ,Wardha, Waingangā ,Indrāvati, Tal , Sabari, Mula and Pravara | largest of peninsula and 2nd largest river of country , known as Vrindha Ganga and Dakshin Ganga | |||||
| The Krishna | North of Mahabaleshwar (western Ghats ) | Bay of Bengal | 1400 | Tungabhadra –largest tributary (Tunga+Bhadra):originates in Mysore nd join below shimoga Bhima: flows thru Maharashtra nd Andhra Pradesh | ||||||
| The Subarnarekha | Chottanagpur Plateau(Ranchi) | Bay of Bengal | 395 | |||||||
| The Penner | Kolar dist.(Karnataka) | sea near town of Nellore | Chitravati and Papaghni | |||||||
| The Brahmani | formed by joining Koel and sankh | Bay of Bengal (Brahmani meets Baitarani just before) | 705 | |||||||
| The Baitarani | Keonjar Plateau in Orissa | 333 | ||||||||
| The Cauvery | Brahmagiri hills in Coorg dist. | 805 | Bhavani, Noyil, Amaravati,Hemavati, Shimsa and Kabbani | 55% of Cauvery basin lies in Tamil Nadu Karnataka (41%) Kerala (5%) | ||||||
| The Tambrapani | Agastyamalai’s slope (western Ghats ) | Gulf of Mannar | ||||||||
| The West-flowing Rivers | ||||||||||
| River | Origin | Destination | Length | Tributaries | other features | |||||
| The Narmada | Amarkantak plateau (M.P.) | 1312 | largest of west flowing rivers ; Dhuandhara Falls: it cascades down to make the narrow gorge of Marble Rocks | |||||||
| The Tapti | near Multai Plateau (Satpura) | Gulf of Cambay | 724 | Purna :enters Khandesh | 2nd largest of west flowing rivers | |||||
| The Luni | Annasagar in Aravalis(Ajmer) | Sahni marshes of the Rann of Kutch. | Sarsuti: rises Pushkar lake at Ajmer | |||||||
| The Sabarmati | Lake of Jai Samudra in Udaipur dist. | Gulf of Cambay | Sabar(coming from Idar) and Hathmati(coming from Mahikantha) | |||||||
| The Mahi | Gwalior Author--- | Gulf of Cambay Nisha Dolas | 560 | |||||||
